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                  <text>The women's rights collection showcases women who dared to fight for rights, civil or otherwise. Throughout world history, women have frequently been excluded from full citizenship; these women sought to make their society more equitable by fighting for civil, political, economic, legal, or social rights. The women in this collection remind us that often the fight for women's rights is a fight for civil rights. They inspire us to make a positive difference towards the goal of social equality.</text>
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              <text>Stanton was a women’s rights advocate who organized the first women’s rights convention. Along with Susan B. Anthony, she traveled the country holding more conventions. In 1869 she founded the National Woman Suffrage Association, holding the position of president until 1892. She helped compose the first three volumes of the six-volume History of Woman Suffrage. Unfortunately, she died before seeing her goal of female enfranchisement realized with the 19th Amendment in 1920.</text>
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              <text>Dubois, Ellen Carol. &lt;em&gt;Feminism &amp;amp; Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women's Movement in America, 1848–1869.&lt;/em&gt; (Cornell University Press, 1999).&lt;br /&gt;"Women Working," Harvard Open Collections Program, various works:&lt;a href="http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/vcsearch.php?any=cady+stanton"&gt;http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/vcsearch.php?any=cady+stanton&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers Project: &lt;a href="http://ecssba.rutgers.edu/"&gt;http://ecssba.rutgers.edu/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;History of Woman Suffrage and other works on Gutenberg:&lt;a&gt; http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/s#a3186&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The women's rights collection showcases women who dared to fight for rights, civil or otherwise. Throughout world history, women have frequently been excluded from full citizenship; these women sought to make their society more equitable by fighting for civil, political, economic, legal, or social rights. The women in this collection remind us that often the fight for women's rights is a fight for civil rights. They inspire us to make a positive difference towards the goal of social equality.</text>
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              <text>Alice Paul was a suffragist who famously split from the state-by-state campaign of the National American Woman's Suffrage Association to form the National Woman's Party, which was dedicated to a constitutional amendment. The NWP picketed the White House and many women, including Paul, were arrested for obstructing traffic. Paul began a hunger strike while in prison to protest the conditions there. Their campaign kept the cause of suffrage in the news during World War I and contributed to the passage of the 19th amendment enfranchising women. Not satisfied with women's still inequitable status, Paul shifted her focus to the passage of an Equal Rights Amendment.  The ERA called for the rights of U.S. citizens to not be denied or abridged on the basis of sex. Although ERA has been continuously discussed in Congress since 1924, to this day there is still no amendment to the U.S. Constitution protecting rights on account of sex. Paul was a well-educated women who took a B.A. in Biology, a M.A. in Sociology, a Ph.D. in Economics, and three law degrees (LL.B., LL. M., Doctorate in Civil Laws) from various colleges.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Adams, Katherine H. and Michael L. Keene. &lt;em&gt;Alice Paul and the American Suffrage Campaign&lt;/em&gt;. (University of Illinois Press, 2007).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alice Paul Institute: &lt;a href="http://www.alicepaul.org/"&gt;http://www.alicepaul.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Conversations with Alice Paul: &lt;a href="http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt6f59n89c/"&gt;http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt6f59n89c/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The reform collection highlights those women who dared to influence labor changes to expand worker control over their conditions or who dared to reform society in a positive manner. In the United States, women have historically been major contributors to the great reform movements. Although their work is not given as much credit as those of their male counterparts, it was women who did much of the grassroots campaigning for universal suffrage, abolition of slavery, labor legislation, prison reform, social welfare programs, asylum reform, religious freedom, peace programs, and universal education. This collection then highlights the work of some of those activists and encourages us to be part of the solution and not part of the problem.</text>
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              <text>Wells-Barnett was born a slave and rose to become a journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, and civil rights leader. An activist for civil rights for women and people of color, her writings exposed racial and sexual discrimination. Two of her pamphlets were quite influential, &lt;em&gt;Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Part&lt;/em&gt;s and &lt;em&gt;A Red Record, 1892-1894&lt;/em&gt;, both of which described lynching and the struggle of black people since emancipation. Her protest influenced the NAACP to take up an anti-lynching campaign. She was actively engaged in women's clubs and formed the Women's  Era Club, the first civic organization for African-American women. In 1896, she founded the National Association of Colored Women. A suffragist, she fought to make sure that women of all races secured the vote.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Davidson, James West. &lt;em&gt;'They say': Ida B. Wells and the Reconstruction of Race&lt;/em&gt;. (Oxford University Press, 2009).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Schecter, Patricia. &lt;em&gt;Ida B. Wells-Barnett and American Reform,  1880-1930&lt;/em&gt;. (University of North Carolina Press, 2001).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Works of Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Gutenberg Press: &lt;a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/w#a5765"&gt;http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/w#a5765&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>A prominent civil rights leader during the women’s suffrage movement in the 1800s, Susan Anthony was also involved in the anti-slavery movement and the temperance movement.  Anthony was a tireless champion for women's rights. She never married in order to retain the few rights that a woman had in American society if she was single. A Quaker, her faith underwrote many of her views on egalitarianism. With Elizabeth Cady Stanton, she co-founded the women's rights journal, &lt;em&gt;The Revolution&lt;/em&gt;.  Anthony found a life-long friend in Stanton and, together, the two spent their lives making society a better and more equitable place for women. By the 1860s, Anthony occupied a new space for women in American society—that of a female political leader. After the passage of the 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; amendment to the US Constitution, Anthony cast her vote in the 1872 federal election, for which she was arrested. In the trial of Susan B. Anthony (1873), she gave a roaring speech on woman suffrage, repeatedly refusing the judge's order to silence herself. The judge found her guilty and made it impossible for her to appeal. In &lt;em&gt;Minor v. Happersett&lt;/em&gt; (1874), the US Supreme Court conceded that women were citizens, but that the Constitution did not grant all citizens the right to vote.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Dubois, Ellen Carol. &lt;em&gt;Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women's Movement in America&lt;/em&gt;. (Cornell University Press, 1978).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gordon, Ann. &lt;em&gt;The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony&lt;/em&gt;. Six volumes. (Rutgers University Press, 2000-2013).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hull, N. E. H. (2012). &lt;em&gt;The Woman Who Dared to Vote: The Trial of Susan B. Anthony&lt;/em&gt;. (University Press of Kansas, 2012).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;VanBurkleo, Sandra F. &lt;em&gt;Belonging to the World: Women's Rights and American Constitutional  Culture&lt;/em&gt;. (Oxford University Press, 2001).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title="Susan B. Anthony Trial Papers" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/anthony/sbahome.html"&gt;Susan B. Anthony Trial digitized papers:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awrbc4/anthony.html"&gt;Susan B. Anthony Collection, Library of Congress&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://ecssba.rutgers.edu/"&gt;Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers Project&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.pbs.org/stantonanthony/resources/index.html"&gt;Resources for PBS documentary, &lt;em&gt;Not For Ourselves Alone&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>Victoria Claflin Woodhull dared to be the first female candidate for President of the United States and the first woman (with her sister) to operate a brokerage firm on Wall Street. Woodhull was nominated for President of the United States of America by the Equal Rights Party in 1872. The Equal Rights Party was not one of the two dominant parties of the time though; a woman would not be nominated by a major political party until 2016 when the Democratic Party nominated &lt;a href="http://womenwhodared.omeka.net/items/show/29"&gt;Hillary Clinton&lt;/a&gt;. Because of her pro-labor and pro-suffrage stances, she earned support from many workers and suffragists. Some were turned off, however, by her radical political stances and her support of "free love." This movement stressed that women were treated, by law, as chattel when married. Free love proponents advocated that women should be free to leave unbearable marriages. Generally, free love advocates also supported the birth control movement so that women could enjoy sexual activity with their husbands without fear of large family sizes or complications of childbirth. Victoria Woodhull published a weekly newspaper that stressed her views that women should be enfranchised, that labor needed to unite to have some control over industrial relations, and other controversial matters. Her support of socialism also caused controversy, but the fact that she was a woman who dared to speak out on politics, marriage, economics, and women's issues was what made her truly unique.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Carpenter, Cari. &lt;em&gt;Selected Writings of Victoria Woodhull&lt;/em&gt;. (University of Nebraska Press, 2010).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frisken, Amanda. &lt;em&gt;Victoria Woodhull's Sexual Revolution.  &lt;/em&gt;(University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gabriel, Mary. &lt;em&gt;Notorious Victoria: The Life of Victoria Woodhull Uncensored.&lt;/em&gt;  (Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1998).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://library.sc.edu/digital/collections/woodhull.html"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tried As By Fire; or, True and False Socially&lt;/em&gt;, an oration by Victoria Woodhull&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/woodhull.html"&gt;Some writings by Victoria Woodhull&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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