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Omeka Image File
The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.
Bit Depth
8
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3
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788
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536
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Reform (Social or Labor)
Description
An account of the resource
The reform collection highlights those women who dared to influence labor changes to expand worker control over their conditions or who dared to reform society in a positive manner. In the United States, women have historically been major contributors to the great reform movements. Although their work is not given as much credit as those of their male counterparts, it was women who did much of the grassroots campaigning for universal suffrage, abolition of slavery, labor legislation, prison reform, social welfare programs, asylum reform, religious freedom, peace programs, and universal education. This collection then highlights the work of some of those activists and encourages us to be part of the solution and not part of the problem.
Person
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
Birth Date
1888
Birthplace
Calumet, Michigan
Death Date
1956
Occupation
Labor organizer
Biographical Text
Anna Clemenc (1888-1956), or "Big Annie" as she was called, was an expert labor organizer who helped shape the labor movement in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. She led Local Woman's Auxiliary No. 15 of the Western Federation of Miners in support of the miners' cause during the 1913-1914 Strike. When the men fought to change their working conditions, Annie was constantly at the front of marches, proudly carrying the flag, using her tall stature (6’2”) to lead the striking men and their supporters. She was arrested and jailed twice for her efforts to help unionize Michigan's Copper Country. Annie also witnessed the tragedy that occurred during a party for striking workers and their families at the Italian Hall on Christmas Eve. Someone falsely yelled “fire” upstairs during the party causing a stampede that killed 73 people, 59 of them children. The violent and, sometimes, deadly strike put Annie in harm's way, but she persevered. Although the miners did not gain the right to unionize, they secured higher wages and a shorter workday. 1913 Italian Hall Tragedy and Annie Woody Guthrie wrote a song titled "1913 Massacre" where he talked about the Italian Hall tragedy where the striking workers were innocently celebrating Christmas with their families on Christmas Eve only to have someone (some say it was the opposing side) yell upstairs to the hall where they were having the party that there was a fire. Annie tried to keep the children and their parents calm, but fear of fire and being trapped on the second story of the building won out. With inadequate means to get out, a stamped occurred and many were trampled to death. Seventy-three people lost their lives that night--59 of them children. Guthrie wrote this song around 1941 when stories about the strike and people who witnessed it were still very much alive. He immortalized Annie in the following lyrics: <br /><div style="text-align:center;">The copper boss' thugs stuck their heads in the door,</div>
<div style="text-align:center;">One of them yelled and he screamed, "there's a fire,"</div>
<div style="text-align:center;">A lady she hollered, "there's no such a thing.</div>
<div style="text-align:center;">Keep on with your party, there's no such thing."</div>
<div style="text-align:center;">(1913 Massacre, Woody Guthrie, @1941)</div>
<br /><a href="https://youtu.be/oz7oguguIZE">Woody's song</a><br /><br /><a href="https://1913massacre.com/about-the-song/">Movie about the song</a> <br /><br /><strong>More media about Annie:</strong> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.nps.gov/kewe/anna-klobuchar-clemenc.htm">National Parks Service Website</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.uppermichiganssource.com/2021/10/10/descendants-big-annie-clemenc-give-calumet-museum-an-addition-her-exhibit/">Calumet Museum Exhibit about Annie</a><br /><br /><a href="https://miwf.org/timeline/anna-clemenc/">Michigan Women's Hall of Fame Website </a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I04FIpH5ywM">Italian Hall Disaster Video</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.lawcha.org/2020/12/23/11578/">Annie and her role in the Italian Hall Tragedy Website</a>
Bibliography
<p>Comstock, Lyndon. <em>Annie Clemenc and the Great Keweenaw Copper Strik</em>e. Lyndon Comstock, 2013.</p>
<p>Engle, Diana Paiz. "Standing Tall with Big Annie." <em>Michigan History Magazine</em> 83, no. 4 (July-August 1999): 16-18.</p>
<p>Kirkwood, Shannon. "In Defense of the Home: Working-Class Domesticity and Community Action in the Michigan Copper Country." <em>Michigan Historical Review</em> 43, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 1-27.</p>
<p><em>Historical Fiction</em></p>
<p>Russell, Maria Doria. <em>The Women of the Copper Country</em>. New York: Atria Books, 2020.</p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Anna "Annie" Clemenc
Subject
The topic of the resource
Labor rights
Description
An account of the resource
Michigan labor activist who rallied workers and fought against capitalists so that laborers could sit at the bargaining table
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Amy French
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Image Source: http://thelaborhalloffame.org/sites/lihf.wayne.prometheuslabor.com/files/Clemenc.jpg
labor activism
Michigan
socialism
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41e2931aa0a8dad1229b6ad99cbf4ed2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Local (Michigan)
Description
An account of the resource
Local role models provide us with people to look to as we aspire to fulfill our dreams. Sometimes, they might inspire us to achieve goals that we had never thought could be accomplished. The local collection honors those women in Michigan who dared to be different. Some of these women integrated male-dominated fields, like firefighting, while others dared to change law, lead businesses, forward higher education, or fight for social justice. These women help shape our dreams and give Michiganians someone local to provide inspiration.
Person
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
Birth Date
1905
Birthplace
Blanchard, Michigan, USA
Death Date
1996
Occupation
Scholar and diplomat
Biographical Text
Born in Blanchard, Michigan, Merze Tate moved from home at the age of 15 and worked as a domestic servant to attend and graduate from high school in 1922. An excellent student, she was the first African American to win the Hinman Oratorical Contest (1921) for her speech, The Negro in the World War. A quote from the speech gives insight into race relations in early 20th century America, "Over two million blacks from Africa, Asia, and America fought for democracy [in that conflict]. Many fought like tigers and became heroes. Whole regiments were decorated for bravery. They died with honor, but they still gained little reward for their service. I plead with this audience and the rest of America to give the Negro race proper recognition. Please forget the differences between white and colored. Respect the Negro's good qualities." (Bernard-Hollins, <em>Michigan History</em>, November/December 2014, p. 36)<br /><br />After saving money for tuition, Tate graduated from Kalamazoo's Western State Normal School (1927), but due to her race she could not find a teaching job in Michigan. She ended up teaching at a segregated school in Indianapolis. During summers, she earned a Master's degree from Columbia University's Teachers Colllege. With funds from a scholarship, Tate then moved to England (1931) and attended Oxford University. By this time, Tate spoke five languages and was fluent in German. She attended classes at the University of Berlin for a while, but left Germany when Hitler became president (she had heard him speak before and was concerned with his sentiments). She returned to England and was the first African American to graduate from Oxford University (Bachelor's degree in Social Studies, 1935). After returning to the States, Tate earned a Ph.D. in Political Sceince from Radcliffe College (1941); she was the first black female to earn that degree. <br /><br />Tate worked in varioius positions in academia throughout her doctoral program. During that time, she wrote two academically acclaimed books, <em>The Disarmament Illusion: The Movement for a Limitation of Armaments to 1907</em> (New York:MacMillan ad Co., 1942) and T<em>he United States and Armaments</em> (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1948). <br /><br />In 1948, she was one of three Americans who represented America at the United Nations' Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. As a result of a Fulbright Scholarship in 1950, she became a traveling scholar in international affairs. A prolific writer, the U.S. State Department commissioned her to write travelogues of the places that she visited. Tate won many awards for her scholarship and published many books and dozens of articles. She used her personal experiences in diplomacy to teach students about foreign affairs. Tate died in 1996 and was buried in her home town. Her legacy speaks to the power of education as a passport to success.
Bibliography
Bernard-Hollins, Sonya. "Merze Tate: Citizen of the World." <em>Michigan History</em>, November/December 2014, 35-39.<br /><br /><a href="http://hall.michiganwomen.org/honoree.php?C=248&A=253~20~114~96~172~79~2~62~238~113~263~271~46~280~80~272~3~152~167~74~138~63~92~196~4~242~32~84~48~229~153~231~192~41~129~82~69~109~42~254~93~97~56~175~281~103~273~13~249~260~207~21~126~104~230~5~288~98~131~27~53~38~195~282~139~239~219~106~57~22~147~58~274~107~127~6~255~173~144~286~85~17~148~250~47~261~208~228~49~221~251~43~205~135~168~256~181~33~115~232~176~23~14~75~169~130~162~44~198~204~99~7~118~119~8~136~275~222~50~227~15~157~65~150~108~24~154~170~163~76~9~209~283~110~140~70~264~276~59~155~265~16~158~156~241~60~182~191~257~116~190~28~164~243~125~160~197~279~86~270~193~223~29~266~134~39~159~111~61~177~132~87~52~199~54~35~210~211~64~112~200~183~165~277~245~284~258~100~10~122~71~267~262~240~77~51~94~120~11~259~36~25~244~224~151~178~55~287~88~45~184~128~72~246~78~171~268~233~121~141~180~206~189~269~73~235~123~83~89~145~18~66~26~237~30~212~188~142~220~90~19~40~161~218~133~81~247~225~67~37~248~146~217~91~143~12~236~31~68~1~213~101~117~214~174~102~285~226~278~137~185~124~234~95~216~166~187">Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.</a><br /><br />Tate, Merze. "Australia and Self-Determination for New Guinea." <em>The Australian Journal of Politics and History</em> 17 (August 1971): 246-59.<br /><br />_____. "Recent Constitutional Developments in Papua and New Guinea." <em>Pacific Affairs</em> 44 (Fall 1971): 421-27.<br /><br />_____. <em>Hawaii: Reciprocity Or Annexation</em> ( Michigan State University Press, 1968).<br /><br />_____. <em>The United States and the Hawaiian Kingdom: A Political History</em> (New Haven, 1965).<br /><br />_____. <em>The United States and Armaments</em> (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1948).<br /><br />_____. <em>The Disarmament Illusion: The Movement for a Limitation of Armaments to 1907</em> (New York:MacMillan ad Co., 1942).<br /><br />Tate was interviewed for the "Black Women Oral History Project," (The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress).
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vernie Merze Tate
Subject
The topic of the resource
Foreign Affairs Scholar
Description
An account of the resource
Vernie Merze Tate was an African American scholar of international affairs.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Amy French
African American scholar
education
foreign affairs
international affairs
Michigan